1. but for, without, with, under等介词引出虚拟条件
But for electricity (=lf it were not for electricity),there would be no modern industry.要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。 With enough sunlight and water (=If there were/should be/were to be enough sunlight and water), the vegetables should grow better. 如果有足够的阳光和水,这些蔬菜会长得更好。 Under such circumstances (=lf I had been under such circumstances), I would likely have done the same.处在这样的情况下,我很可能会做出同样的事情来。
2. or, otherwise, but, but that等连词表示不具备条件
He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended your graduation ceremony. 他昨天感觉很累,否则他就参加你的毕业典礼了。 My friend gave me a hand. Otherwise I couldn't have solred the problem. 他昨天感觉很累,否则他就参加你的毕业典礼了。 My friend gave me a hand. Otherwise I couldn't have solved the problem.我的朋友帮了我一把。否则,我可解决不了这个问题。 I would have gone with her but I was too busy. 我本会同她一起去的,但是我太忙了。 The little boy would have been killed by the car but that the driver braked in time. 要不是司机及时刹车,这个小男孩儿就被小汽车撞死了。
在有些句子中,表示假设的条件也可以用介词或其他方式引出,这样的句子被称为含蓄条件句。在含蓄条件句中,如果表示对现在或将来情况的假设,谓语动词应用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”的形式;如果表示对过去情况的假设,谓语动词应用“should/would/could/might have+过去分词”的形式。含蓄条件句有以下两种常见的表示方式:
在含蓄条件句中,or,otherwise后面的句子表示虚拟情况,but,butthat(要不是)后面的句子表示客观情况。
在某些暗含虚拟条件的句子中,虚拟条件也可以通过分词短语、名词短语或上下文等表现出来。谓语动词根据情况用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”或“should/would/could/might have+过去分词”的形式。如: Cooked a little longer, the meat would be more delicious. 煮得更久一点,这肉会更加美味的。 A few hours earlier, you would have seen the famous writer.要是你早来几个小时,你就会见到那位著名的作家了 Any man in his position would have done like that. 任何人处在他的位置上都会那样做的。
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